黑色皮革手册

Does China’s weak domestic demand really lead to excess capacity?: People's Daily_我的网站

A |     

    A worker fulfills orders for energy-saving and environmentally friendly boilers destined for export in a manufacturing enterprise in Nantong, East China's Jiangsu Province on August 4, 2026. The enterprise offers products including industrial waste disposal equipment, with sales to more than 30 countries and regions. Photo: CNS PhotoIn recent years, some economies, anxious about their own industrial competitiveness and market position, have politicized economic and trade issues, taking turns to hype false narratives such as "China overcapacity" and a "China Shock 2.0," and using them as pretexts to roll out protectionist measures.
But what are the facts on the ground?
China's Ministry of Commerce recently released a document titled China's Position on the So-Called Excess Capacity Issue. Reviewing the evolution of the global capacity landscape from a historical perspective, it offers an objective analysis of how industrial subsidies, trade surpluses, economic imbalances and market competition relate to "overcapacity," sets out China's policy practices and the direction of its efforts, and puts forward China's ideas and proposals - a forceful response to the "China overcapacity" narrative. 
Plainly, the argument that "China's inadequate domestic demand gives rise to excess capacity" rests on a logical sleight of hand - it takes a localized phenomenon at the micro level of the market and applies it wholesale to the structure of the macroeconomy, a picture far removed from reality.
China is not only a major manufacturing power but also a major consuming power. Domestic demand has long been the main engine of the Chinese economy.
To see through the logical fallacy of the "overcapacity" narrative, one must first be clear about where the Chinese economy actually sits in the global landscape.
In the course of economic globalization, China has actively integrated itself into the international division of industrial labor and become the "world's factory" in the truest sense. Chinese manufacturing has enriched the global supply of goods, lowered living costs for consumers in countries around the world, and played an important part in easing global inflationary pressure. But to define China simply as a "producer" on that basis, and from there to conclude that it suffers from "inadequate domestic demand and overcapacity," is a proposition that does not hold water.
From 2013 to 2024, domestic demand contributed an average of 93 percent to China's economic growth, with consumption and investment accounting for an average of 55 percent and 38 percent respectively. China's total retail sales of consumer goods rose from 23.8 trillion yuan ($3.53 trillion) in 2013 to 50.1 trillion yuan in 2025, doubling in size.
Measured at the World Bank's purchasing power parity rates, China's total retail sales of consumer goods in 2025 were 1.7 times those of the US, making the country the world's largest market for consumer goods in all but name. China today ranks first globally in the physical volume of goods consumed, and its per capita annual consumption of some industrial products already approaches the levels seen in developed economies.
China keeps expanding its domestic demand and is working toward a higher-level balance between supply and demand.
Growth in China's total retail sales of consumer goods has slowed somewhat in recent years, and some have taken this as proof of weak domestic demand. That reading is neither objective nor complete.
A strong domestic market provides strategic support for Chinese modernization. The outline of China's 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-30) period devotes a dedicated part to building such a market, stressing the need to adhere to the strategic focus of expanding domestic demand, to expand effective investment, to further implement special actions to boost consumption, to promote the expansion and upgrading of commodity consumption, to unleashing the potential of service consumption, to strengthening the foundation of residents' consumption and to continuously improve the consumption environment - using new demand to guide new supply, and using new supply to create new demand, so as to promote a virtuous cycle between consumption and investment, and between supply and demand, achieve a higher level of dynamic balance between supply and demand.
The slowdown in retail sales growth is consistent with China's shift from high-speed growth to high-quality development, and it also reflects the upgrading of the country's consumption structure. China's consumer market is moving faster from one dominated by goods toward one in which goods and services carry equal weight. Spending on services is growing rapidly and is expected to account for more than half of the total by 2030.
China's super-sized market is not only the bedrock of its own development but also a broad platform on which countries around the world can share in the dividends of that growth.
China has ranked as the world's second-largest importer for 17 consecutive years and is a major export destination for nearly 80 countries and regions. It has granted zero-tariff treatment to 63 countries and regions, becoming the first major economy in the world to extend full zero-tariff coverage to every African country and every least developed country that has diplomatic relations with it. It is also the only country to host an international import expo, having staged eight editions of the China International Import Expo with cumulative intended deals worth more than $580 billion. Over the 14th Five-Year Plan period (2021-25) period, China's cumulative imports topped 90 trillion yuan. These facts and figures show clearly that China is not just the "world's factory" but, still more, the "world's market."
Looking ahead, China's middle-income group is set to exceed 800 million people within little more than a decade, and per capita GDP is expected to reach the level of a moderately developed country. With vast room for consumption and ample potential and vitality, domestic demand will remain the main engine of China's economic development and will keep injecting strong momentum into world economic growth.
This was compiled and translated by the Global Times English edition based on an article published in the "Chisu Jinsheng" economic commentary column of the People's Daily on August 6, 2026.
。

B |     　　呼和浩特8月21日电 题：探访“中国云谷”：看见绿色算力的真实模样　　作者 尚虹波 赵晓雨　　广袤的敕勒川上风机徐徐转动，和林格尔新区的算力机房灯火长明。在这里，“中国云谷”早已不是纸上概念。

C | 风与光转化为绿色算力，大模型训练、AI文创、跨境数字服务在这里生根。即将启幕的2026绿色算力(人工智能)大会，更会带着这片草原上的产业实践，走向全国行业视野。　　从呼和浩特市出发，驱车向南20余公里，便来到国家“东数西算”内蒙古枢纽核心承载地和林格尔新区。叠加中国(内蒙古)自由贸易试验区呼和浩特片区改革红利，这里正把得天独厚的风光资源，转化为实实在在的数字生产力。　　走进和林格尔新区数字化展示中心，产业沙盘系统展示了新区规划现状。国家首批可信数据空间、城域“毫秒用算”等一批即将在大会发布的成果，在这里有着现实的产业底座。如今，和林格尔新区算力集群到京津冀核心区域时延稳定控制在5毫秒以内，到长三角枢纽不超过15毫秒，到粤港澳大湾区、成渝等国家算力枢纽控制在20毫秒以内，正式迈入全国算力“毫秒圈”，实现与全国主要算力枢纽高效互联。图为全国一体化算力网络枢纽节点(内蒙古)和林格尔集群多云算力资源监测与调度平台。呼和浩特市委宣传部供图　　很多人把“中国云谷”简单等同于建设机房。但记者实地走访时看到，这里不只是追求算力规模的扩张，同时也在破解西部算力发展的多重现实考题：如何充分释放本地绿电价值、进一步压缩跨区域网络时延、依托自贸区制度优势探索数字服务发展新路径。　　来到内蒙古华电新能源智慧运营中心，调度大厅实时监测风光发电波动，实现新能源与算力负荷联动匹配。不同于单纯采购绿电证书，这里构建起“风+光+储”三位一体的用电供给格局，实现绿电与数据中心点对点直连，当前点对点绿电直购替代率达43%。

D | 　　内蒙古华电新能源分公司工程部“东数西算”项目负责人景化南介绍，绿电的发电单元为风电和光伏，主要通过储能补偿的方式，将富余电量储存，保障绿电百分之百的性质。

E | 　　风光发电具有间歇性，而算力机房需要7×24小时不间断供电，这也是全球绿色算力发展的共性难题。这套源网荷储协同模式，为国内新能源富集地区发展算力提供可参考样本。　　绿色算力，既要电力“绿”，也要算力本身实现节能降碳。中国移动呼和浩特智算中心，是全球运营商最大的单体液冷智算中心，部署2390台智算服务器，单体算力规模达6700PFLOPS。智能化的绿色算力中心，最大限度降低能源消耗和碳排放，PUE低至1.15。PUE为数据中心电源使用效率，数值越接近1代表机房配套能耗越低，1.15属于国内算力机房领先的节能水平。　　如今这里承担中国移动九天大模型、中石油昆仑大模型等训练任务，不断孵化通用及行业大模型，为各行各业提供绿色智算服务。同时，这里也能满足京津冀高实时性需求，并为长三角等区域提供非实时算力支撑。　　截至目前，和林格尔新区总算力规模达15万P，智能算力14.6万P，占比超97%，智算成为云谷最鲜明的标签。　　算力规模快速增长的同时，安全防护同步跟上。鹏城网络靶场内蒙古分靶场内，集“教、学、练、赛、演”于一体，聚焦能源电力、算力安全等四大方向，开展行业级仿真演练与风险攻关，为庞大算力集群筑牢安全屏障。

F | 　　在云谷OPC社区，算力红利流向小微创业群体。

G | 这里是自贸区、绿色算力叠加的创业载体。和林格尔新区人才服务中心主任康云鹏介绍，社区提供拎包入住共享办公区，落地算力、创业、就业补贴，配套免费企业注册地址；云谷智慧小院保障性租赁住房布设万兆网络，配备算力设备，创业者居家也可开展业务。“我们希望依托自贸区与绿色算力，把OPC社区打造为全国具有特色的数字内容出海集聚载体。”　　该社区现入驻近50家企业，聚焦AI短剧、智能体开发、跨境AI服务等领域，初创团队无需自建昂贵算力，便可按需调用本地资源。内蒙古蒙霄数智科技有限公司负责人许潇便是其中一员。内蒙古蒙霄数智科技有限公司负责人许潇(左一)进行工作展示。呼和浩特市委宣传部供图　　许潇介绍，企业落户这里看重三点内容：电网基建完备，算力项目能够落得下、稳得住；电价便宜，电力多边交易下电价约每度0.36元，大幅降低AI训练的电费成本；和林格尔新区整体数据中心绿电使用比例超86%，绿色标签在国际市场很有说服力。“用草原的风光点亮全球的AI，这就是我想做的事。”　　风机轮转，机房不息。8月22日，2026绿色算力(人工智能)大会将在呼和浩特拉开帷幕，八大算力枢纽代表、专家企业齐聚草原，属于“中国云谷”的故事，正等待走向更广阔的舞台。

Current article:http://xvns.longdachemakuanshan.pics/3fu0/rolv2.html

Published on:17:21:47